Hollow brick and wall constructed therefrom



June a, 1924. 1,496,754

W. H. EAVES HOLLOW BRIGIE AND WALL CONSTRUCTED THEREFROM Filed Apiil 10. 1923 jg- 54 '5- am/m Patented June 3, 1924.

UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

WALLACE H. EAVES, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA. ASSIGNOR TO EAVES HOLLOW BRICK COMPANY, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA, A OORPORATION OF GEORGIA.

HOLLOW BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTED THEREFR-OM.

Application filed April 10, 192:. Serial No. ammo.

To all whom it may concern Be it kiiown that I, WALLAQE H. Ezivns. u citizen of the United States, residin in the city of Atlanta, count of Fulton, i. tate of 'Geor is, have invente certain new and/useful mprovements in Hollow Brick and Wall-Constructed Therefrom, of which the following is a specification, reference being bad to the accompanying drnwings, forrning a art thereof.

y invention relates to hollow brick for building purposes and to the construction of walls from such brick and has for its object to produce brick adapted to be'l'aid in the same manner and with the same manual labor as ordinary brick and will, at the same time be of such dimensions that with this same manual labor and in the some time a wall of twice the hei ht may be built as could be constructed of ordinary solid brick. A fur ther obect of the invention is to provide hollow rick which'will be ad'a ted for use as stretcher and for bondin so that a complete and per ect wall me be built of the brick of m invention wit out the use of ordinary brick for bonding or corners. A further object of the invention is to provide hollow brick which may be made at a cost less than that of ordinary 30 brick and may be burned at less cost.

Hollow brick or tile as heretofore used have been of relatively large dimensions not ado ted to be made with an ordinary brick mac line, relatively weak and of such weight 86 as to require both hands of the brick layer in placing them in position necessitating dr'oppin his trowel after. spreading the mortar, diftin the hollow rile into position and again pic ing up the troweh- 40 By the use of my invention the difiiculty and delay so resulting is obviated. V Havin the objects above indicated and] other ob ects hereinafter described in. view my invention consists in the brick and in the wall construction Formed therefrom as hereinafter described and claimed. Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a side view of the stretcher brick of my invention.

Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the some,

Figure 3 is a central longitudinal sectional vicar of the bowling brick-of my invention an for cornersamount of manual labor.

Figure 4 is an end view of the same.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a finished wall corner formed of the brick of my invention. I

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a partly constructed wall.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of a wall of varying thickness constructed of the bricks of my invention. A In the drawing AA indicate the longitudinal or stretcher form of the hollow brick and BB indicate the header or bonding form.

The longitudinal or stretcher bricks AA are formed of a length correspondin to that of on ordinary brick, that is about eight inches or a little less, and a width corresponding to that of the ordinary brick, that is a little less than four inches. Its hei ht is approximately four inches. Throug the brick from end to end extends the openin A. The side walls A, A, and the top an bottom walls A. and A are of substantial thickness, not less at any point-tha'n threequarters of an inch and at the junction of the side walls with the top and bottom walls they are made thicker as indicated at aso that the longitudinal opening A will be of rectangular shape in cross section but with rounded corners. The material used in the side and top and bottom walls is in 85 the aggregate considerably less than that required to form the two bricks which fill the same space. The hollow brick is thus of considerably less weight than two bricks and is not snfliclently greater than that of an or dinary brick to present any difiiculties to handling it with one hand as in la ing ordinary br1ck. Thewidthcf the ho low-brick being substantially the some as. that'of the. ordinary brick it canbe grslsyged the one handfin the some manner. ns t e hollow brick may be placed in position by thebricklayer with one hand leaving the oth'er hind fl es to use the trowettoaplplyend 3 the mortar. The hollow bric may thereiom be laid with the same rapidity that ordinirybrick are laid-"and as the hollow brick 5 1s;

twicetheheight of ordinary brick the wall will rise at twice the rate with the am.

i I The ends of the hollow stretcher brick M arecut oil at ri ht angles with the longitudine! lines so t at in laying 1 wall each stretcher brick abuts at its ends squarely against the next brick.

The header or bonding brick BB are of the length of an ordinary, approximately ei ht inches, four inches in height and of so tantially the same width as an ordinary brick, the same or approximately the same as the width of the stretcher bricks, slightly less than four inches. Vertically through the header or bonding brick extend openings 13 and B of approximately the'saine size as the opening A in the stretcher brick. Between the two openings 13 and B is formed parallel with them, a narrow opening B rcctangular in cross section with relatively sharp corners. The walls of the openings 7 B and B are thickened at the corners as shown at so that the openings while of rectangular shape have rounded corners. When it is desired to make use of a half brick a sharp blow on the side of the bonding brick in line with the openings B will cause the brick to break in line with this opening in the sharp angles at the ends of the opening, lying between the thickened corners of the o enings B and B tending to make the line 0? the opening B so much less strong than the line oTthe openings B and B that the break caused by the blow of the trowel, or other instrument, will follow thc line of this opening B and the brick will be readily divided into two substantially equal halves.

By reason of the openings B B and B the material necessary for the bonding brick will be materially less than that of two ordinary bricks and as the width is substantially the same as that of an ordinary brick it may be readily grasped in one hand for placing it in position.

By reason of the thickness of the Walls of the bricks they will sustain a crushing strain amply sufficient for use and not greatly less than the crushing strain which will be sustained by ordinary brick.

The upper and lower faces of the stretcher brick may be corrugated or roughened as shown at C to give increased surface for the mortar to adhere to.

In building a wall the courses will be mainly of the stretcher brick as indicated in Figures 6 and 7. At the outside of each cornera brick of the bonding form will be used, as shown in Figure 5, the stretcher bricks on one side abutting against the side of this bonding brick and on the other side, abutting against its end. Where, as is usually the case, the wall is to be not less than eight inches in thickness. the brick of the inner row of bricks at the corner abuts at its end against the side of a stretcher brick and, for half its length. abuts on one side against the side of the bonding brick which forms the corner, as clearly shown in Figure 5. The inner row of bricks will thus break joints with the outer row.

At suitable intervals :1 row of bonding bricks BB will be laid on the rows 0 stretcher bricks as shown in Figures 6 and 7 thus effecting a firm bonding of the well.

there the wall is to be twelve inches in thickness the bonding may be efl'ected by laying a course consisting of bonding bricks at right angles to the stretcher bricks with a row of stretcher bricks in front of (or in rear of) the row of bonding bricks.

The bricks. both the stretcher bricks and the bonding bricks, are adapted to be used in the same way and with the same expenditure of manual labor as are ordinary bricks. The form of both is such that they may readily be made by the ordinary brick machine of the type in which the clay is forced out through a mold and cut off at suitable intervals. By reason of the hollow construction these bricks may be burned more quickly and with less expense for fuel than can ordinary brick.

There is thus, by reason of the construction a saving in expense of production and, with the same amount of manual labor, a. wall of twice the height can be built in substantially the same time. There will also be a substantial saving in the amount of mortar sed.

The widt of the bricks will depend on the thickness of the layer of mortar to be used and should be four inches less the thickness of the mortar.

The hollow bricks of my invention being relatively small in size are much stronger than the larger sized hollow blocks or tile and may be shipped with less damage from breakage and at less ex ense.

In building a wall of eight or more inches in thickness the stretcher bricks present an outer clay wall for by the wall A? of the inner bricks. and a dentral wall midway between the enter an ,iniqar walls consisting of the wall A (if e outer bricks, the wall A of the inner bricks, and jthe inter: mediate layer of mortar. The openings A extending through the bricks from end to end form air spaces and prevent passage of moisture. The wall constructed of these bricks will therefore be impervious to moisture forming a completely dry wall.

As the bonding brick are placed in position upon courses of stretcher brick the walls between the openings B and B will be in the same vertical plane with the center wall formed by the inner wall A of the outer stretcher brick and the outer wall A of the inner stretcher bricks. The end walls of the openings B and B will be in the same vertical plane with the outer wall A of the outer stretcher brick and with the inner wall A of the inner brick so that the complete wall will present a continuous outer vertical wall, a continuous inner vertical wall and a continuous central vertical wall midway between the inner and outer walls and separated from them by air spaces. The continuous vertical walls thus. formed are adapted to sustain great. ernshing strain and the port ions hetween these vertical walls are relieved from this strain.

Having thus drsrrihed my invention, what I claim is:

l. A wall formed of parallel rows of hollow stretcher bricks eaeh ha ring an opening therein extending from end to end and hollow honding bricks each having two vertical openings therein and each opening ap' proximately of the same cross sectional area. as that of the opening in a stretcher brick. and having a relatively thick weh tit-tween the openings, the bonding lit-irks being so arranged relatively to the parallel rows of stretcher l)ll('l\'S that the end walls of the bonding hrirks are in vertical alignment with the front and rear outside walls of the stretcher bricks and the transverse web of the bonding brick is in vertical alignment with the adjacent walls of the stretcher brickl. I

-2. A wall formed of parallel rows of hotlmrstretcher hrieks each having an openin; theleiu extending from end to end, and hollow bonding hrirlu each having two verth'al openings therein each approxiinatel of the same cross sectional area as that of the opening in a stretcher hrirk and having a relati\'el thirl-z transverse weh hetween the opening: with a vertical rent ral opening therein. the. bonding hrirhs heiug so arranged relatively to the parallel t'l n'a of stretcher hrick that the end walls t the bonding lillt'li are in vertical alignmen with the front and rear outside walls ot' the stretcher bricks and the transverse web of the bonding lll'ltk is in parallel alignment with the adjacent walls of the stretcher brick and the \tlllt'ttl opening in said web is in vertieal alignment with the space between said adjacent walls of the stretcher brick.

In testimoirr \ihereot' I hereunto afiix my signature.

WALLACE H. EAVES. 

